Luer tap is a kind of standardized micro impermeable joint, which is connected by male luer joint and matching female luer joint. It is widely used in medical and laboratory instruments.

Ruhr connector is a convenient connecting device used in the medical industry, which greatly simplifies the management of liquid and gaseous medical fluids. The Ruhr connector can switch 4 infusion bags without inserting or removing the patient's infusion needle. The connector also allows multiple compatible fluids to be managed using the same tube, thereby reducing the number of wounds on the patient.

However, the simplicity of Ruhr connector connection and the compatibility between different products increase the risk of wrong connection between incompatible systems and drug passing through the wrong pipeline. This issue has been well known and documented by a joint working group in the medical field, which includes members of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Association for the advance of medical instrumentation, and ISO, to create a unified set of standards for the design and testing of Ruhr connections.